Bill C-45, or the Cannabis Act, is finally ready for passage after months of debate over the ramifications of legalisation.
Legalising weed was a 2015 campaign promise of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, who has admitted having smoked a joint with friends “five or six times.”
The initial timeline for legal pot sales called for it to be available by July 1, Canada’s national day, but August or September now appears more likely.
Once the Senate approves the Cannabis Act, it will go back to the House of Commons, which passed the bill in November 2017 but will need to sign off on any changes made by the Senate.
It would then be up to Canada’s provinces and territories to set up distribution networks and enforcement.
The sale of medical marijuana has been legal in Canada since 2001.
Bill C-45 would allow individuals over the age of 18 to possess up to 30 grams of marijuana for personal use.
Sales to anyone under 18 would be banned under federal law but provinces and territories could set their own age limits.
Statistics Canada has estimated that the market will be worth Can$5.7 billion ($4.5 billion US), based on last year’s consumption data.
Uruguay approved the recreational usage of marijuana five years ago and nine US states have too but Canada will be the first G-7 country to do so.
Trudeau said creating a regulated market will take it out of the hands of crime groups and “better protect communities and children.”
It will also allow the federal government and the provinces to levy taxes on legal weed sales amounting to hundreds of millions of dollars annually.
Pot sales will be through authorized retail stores much like the current situation regulating alcohol sales in Quebec and Ontario.
A total of 105 businesses have been authorized to grow marijuana and offer pot-based products. Under the new law, individuals could grow up to four plants at home.
The government has also set aside funds to study the impact of legalized cannabis consumption on public health.
